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WEDDING CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS
In
ancient Roman times, a couple was legally required to have at least 10
attendants to witness the marriage contract. In some cultures,
bridesmaids were used to “hide” the bride among similarly dressed young
women in the hope of confusing any evil spirits who might try to cause
trouble for the newlyweds.
For
much the same reason brides in olden times had bridesmaids. By
concealing her face, a bride camouflaged herself so that evil spirits
couldn't tell which maiden was the bride. The white veil is also a
symbol of modesty and virginity.
The
original reason was the same as why the bride chose bridesmaids. The
presence of groomsmen confused the spirits, preventing them from
harming the couple. Another theory about the origin of groomsmen is
that this custom dates back to the days of “marriage by capture,” when
a groom kidnapped and carried off his bride. His warrior buddies helped
defend him from anyone who tried to prevent the maiden from being taken
away.

Keep
in mind that most men in ancient times armed themselves with weapons at
all times. To lay aside one's sword for the wedding ceremony might
expose the bridal couple to danger from any number of hostile sources.
Standing at the bride's right side left the groom's right (sword) hand
free to protect them from rejected suitors or others who might want to
do them harm. (Interestingly, this is the same reason why we now
position the knife to the right of the dinner plate when we set a
table. Ancient inns were rough places, and travelers had to be prepared
to defend themselves at all times.)
The
ring's circular shape symbolizes eternal, unending love. Early
Egyptians wore wedding rings made of woven rushes or hemp. Since these
fibers wore out with use, they replaced the ring as often as
needed. The ancient Greeks and Romans used sturdier rings made of iron
or gold. The chosen material displayed the bridegroom's wealth. He
placed the ring on the third finger of the bride's left hand because it
was believed that the vein in that finger led directly to the heart. In
some cultures, the bride wears her ring on the left hand during the
engagement period. After she is married, she moves it to the right
hand.
The
kiss represented an exchange of spirits, uniting the couple in both
body and spirit. Some cultures consider the kiss as a legal bond, the
action that seals the marriage contract.
The
ancient Roman practice included carrying bunches of fragrant herbs and
flowers on the wedding — again to ward off evil spirits. Greeks carried
ivy as a symbol of unending love. In modern times, tossing the bouquet
has come to mean that the single woman who catches it will be the next
to find a husband and marry.
Each is meant to ensure a happy and lasting marriage. Something old and something new symbolize continuity while making the transition to a new way of life. By borrowing something from a happily married woman, her good fortune was to rub off on the bride. The color blue
is associated with purity and modesty. In ancient Israel, blue was the
border color of the bride's dress to denote constancy and fidelity. The
penny in the shoe symbolizes good fortune and protection against want.
History
tells us that, in festive celebrations, when too much drinking
occurred, male guests who ripped the garter from her leg often rushed
the bride. They believed this would bring them good luck. Smart brides
removed their own garters and tossed them to the crowd before things
got out of hand. Today, the husband removes the garter from his bride's
leg with much fanfare and tosses it to the unmarried male guests.

The
wedding cake symbolized fertility. Today, the cake serves the dual
purpose of providing dessert for the guests and a photo opportunity for
the bridal couple's wedding album. The top layer of the cake isn't
eaten. Instead, the couple is supposed to save it for their first
anniversary. However, most couples do not enjoy eating cake that has
been in a freezer for a year. Sometimes, they ask their baker to
re-create the top layer of their wedding cake for their anniversary
celebration.
Under
the “captured bride” system, the groom kept his bride hidden for a full
month (or “moon”) during which time the couple partied and drank a
honey-sweetened alcoholic drink to loosen up sexual inhibitions. Even
amicable couples were encouraged to take time alone, to adjust to their
newly married status and forget the worries of the world for a short
time.
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